Nhanganyaya
Kusarudza pakati pekuvhara mapuranga akavharirwa nematanda echinyakare hakusi pamusoro pechitarisiko asi pamusoro pekuti facade inoshanda sei mumakore emamiriro ekunze, kugadzirisa, uye kugadzirisa. Zvinoita sezvisingadhuri pakuiswa zvinogona kudhura zvakanyanya kana zvapendwazve, kukuvara kwehunyoro, kuora, kusangana nezvipembenene, uye basa zvaongororwa. Sumo iyi inotsanangura kuenzanisa kwemutengo chaiwo nekutarisa kupfuura mutengo wekutenga kune kukosha kwehupenyu, njodzi yekukundikana, uye tarisiro yekuva muridzi. Pakupedzisira, vaverengi vachave nehwaro hwakajeka hwekusarudza kuti ndechipi chinhu chinotsigira kugara kwenguva refu, kudzora bhajeti, uye mashandiro ekuvaka kwenguva refu.
Sei Capped Composite Cladding vs Wood Isarudzo Yechinangwa?
Kutsanangurwa kwemaenvelopu ekuvaka ekunze kwachinja zvakanyanya mumakore gumi apfuura, zvichikonzerwa nemutemo wesimba wakaoma, mitengo yevashandi iri kukwira, uye kuwedzera kwekutarisa pakushanda kwehupenyu. Pakati pekushanduka uku pane gakava pamusoro pekuvhara kwakavharwa kwecomposite vs huni. Kunyange hazvo matanda echinyakare ave ari chinhu chinowanzo shandiswa pakugadzira mafacade ezvivakwa nekuda kwekunaka kwawo uye kuwanikwa kwakapararira, zvinhu zvemazuva ano zvakagadzirwa neinjiniya zvakakanganisa musika nekugadzirisa kusasimba kukuru kwematanda echisikigo.
Kune vanogadzira mapurani, vanogadzira mapurani, uye vatariri vezvivakwa, kusarudza zvinhu zvepadenga hakusi kungosarudza runako chete; isarudzo yekutarisira zvinhu zvine hungwaru. Kuvhara kwekunze kunoshanda sedziviriro huru kubva mukukuvadzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye mashandiro ayo anokanganisa zvakananga bhajeti rekushanda kwechivako, kunaka kwechivako, uye kukosha kwenguva refu. Kuongorora mabhenefiti ekuenzanisa ezviumbwa zvakagadzirwa nemapuranga echisikigo kunoda kuongororwa kwakasimba kwemari inoshandiswa pakutanga kana tichienzanisa nemari yekushanda iri kuenderera mberi.
Njodzi yekuva muridzi, kuchengetedza, uye kukundikana
Nguva yakatarwa yekuchengeta imba inonyanya kuratidza kuti zvinhu zvayo zvepamberi zvinokwanisa kushanda zvakanaka sei. Vagadziri vemasangano nevaridzi venguva refu vanonyanya kukoshesa zvinhu zvinoderedza mari inoshandiswa pakushanda kwemakore gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi matatu. Kufukidza matanda echinyakare, zvisinei nerudzi kana kurapwa kwekutanga, kunounza mukana mukuru wekuvimba nekuchengetedzwa uye njodzi yekukundikana. Zvichienderana nekusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, matanda echisikigo anoda kuvharwa nemakemikari, kupendwa, kana kupenda makore matatu kusvika mashanu ega ega kudzivirira kupinda kwehunyoro, kuora kweUV, uye kuora kwehupenyu.
Kusiyana neizvi, zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nemapuranga zvakagadzirwa kuti zvibvise njodzi idzi dzekukundikana. Zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nemapuranga epamusoro-soro zvinowanzova nevimbiso dzekutengeserana dzinotangira pamakore makumi maviri nemashanu kusvika makumi matatu, zvichivimbisa kuramba kuora kwechivako, kutsemuka, uye kupera kwemavara zvakanyanya. Kune muridzi weimba ane pfuma kwemakore makumi maviri, denga rehuni rinoda pakati pematanho mana kusvika matanhatu ekugadzirisa. Kana chimwe chezvizvi zvikambomiswa, njodzi yekukundikana kwezvinhu zvakanyanya—sekuora kana kupetana kwakanyanya—inowedzera zvakanyanya, zvichida kuti denga ritsiviwe zvachose nguva refu dhizaini yechivako isati yapera.
Sei zvikwata zvichideredza mitengo yenguva refu yefacade
Mapoka epurojekiti anowanzo sangana nemusungo wekuongorora mitengo yefacade zvakananga kuburikidza nekutarisa kwekutanga kutenga nekuisa, kunowanzonzi Capital Expenditure (CapEx). Kana tichienzanisa mitengo yezvinhu zvekutanga, cladding yakajairika yematanda emhando yepamusoro inogona kudhura pakati pe$4.00 ne$7.00 pa square foot, nepo mabhodhi ecomposite ane caps yepamusoro anowanzo tangira pa$8.00 kusvika $14.00 pa square foot. Iyi delta yekutanga inowanzo tungamira zvirongwa zveinjiniya zvekubatsira matanda echisikigo.
Zvisinei, ongororo iyi isina musoro inofuratira hunhu hwekuwedzera kweMari Inoshandiswa Pabasa (OpEx). Mari yekushanda neyakagadziriswa ine chekuita nekugadzirisa matanda nguva nenguva inokonzerwa nekukwira kwemitengo, uko kwagara kuri pakati pe3% kusvika 5% pagore muchikamu chekuvaka. Uyezve, mari yakavanzika yekukanganiswa kwebhizinesi—yakadai sekuvaka scaffolding yakakomberedza chivako chebhizinesi chinoshanda kana imba yekugara makore mashoma ega ega—haiwanzo verengerwa mubhajeti rekutanga. Kana zvinhu izvi zvikaenzaniswa mumakore makumi maviri ehupenyu, mari inoonekwa seyakachengetwa kare yematanda echisikigo inonyangarika, zvichiratidza mutengo wepamusoro wekuva muridzi.
Kufukidza kwakabatanidzwa kwakavharirwa vs. Huni: Kusiyana kwezvinhu zvakakosha
Kunzwisisa musiyano wemitengo yehupenyu hwese kunoda kunyura zvakadzama muhunhu hwezvinhu uye maitiro ekugadzira zvinhu zvese zviri zviviri. Musiyano wekushanda pakati pematanda echinyakare nemakompositi akagadzirwa hausi wetsaona; imhedzisiro yesainzi yezvinhu zvakagadzirirwa kubvisa kusasimba kwemukati mezvimiro zvemasero eorganic.
Matanda echisikigo imhando yeanisotropic, hygroscopic, zvichireva kuti hunhu hwawo hunosiyana zvichienderana nekwakatangira tsanga, uye anogara achichinjana hunyoro nenzvimbo yakapoteredza. Kuzvimba uku kunogara kuchiderera ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekutarisa, kukotama, uye kudhonzwa kwefastener. Kusiyana neizvi, composites dzakagadzirwa kuti dzive ne isotropic stability uye near-zero zero moisture reactivity.
Kuumbwa, tekinoroji yevharo, uye hunhu hwehunyoro
Chinhu chikuru chehunyanzvi hwemazuva ano hwemacomposite tekinoroji chiri mukugadzirwa kwayo kwakawanda. Pakati pechinhu ichi panowanzova ne matrix yakakora yefibers dzehuni dzakadzokororwa uye thermoplastic polymers (senge High-Density Polyethylene kana PVC). Kunyange zvazvo zvinhu zvekutanga zvisina kuvharwa zvakakwanisa kunyudzwa hunyoro uye kupera, kuunzwa kwetekinoroji ye co-extrusion kwakachinja chikamu ichi. Mukuita uku, shongwe yepolymeric yakasarudzika inoburitswa panguva imwe chete nepakati, zvichigadzira chivharo chisingapindi mvura, chakabatana nemamorekuru.
Tekinoroji iyi yekuvhara inochinja zvikuru hunyoro. Kunyange hazvo matanda echisikigo achigona kuratidza mwero wekunwa mvura we15% kusvika 20% nehuremu—zvichikonzera kusagadzikana kwehukuru uye kugadzira nzvimbo inobatsira kukura kwefungus—zvakafambira mberi Kufukidza kweWPC Co-extrusion inodzivirira kunyudzwa kwemvura kusvika pasi pe1%. Kusapinda kwemvura uku kunodzivirira zvinhu kubva mukukuvadzwa nechando, kuora, uye simba guru rinoparadza mapuranga ekare nekufamba kwenguva.
Zvinodiwa zvakakosha zvekusarudza uye zvinoshanduka pakushanda
Pakusarudza machira ekugadzira mapurojekiti ezvekutengeserana kana epamusoro-soro, vagadziri vezvivakwa vanofanirwa kuongorora mashandiro azvo. Kuwanda kwevhu chinhu chakakosha; zvinhu zvakagadzirwa zvine hurefu hwepamusoro zvinosvika pa1.2 kusvika 1.3 g/cm³, zvakakwirira zvakanyanya kupfuura matanda akajairika ekunze akadai seWestern Red Cedar (anenge 0.38 g/cm³) kana kunyange miti yakaoma seIpe (anenge 1.0 g/cm³). Kuwanda uku kunoreva kudzivirira kukuvadzwa zvakanyanya, izvo zvakakosha pakushandiswa kwepasi munzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda.
Kuwedzera kwekupisa uye kuramba kweUV zvinhu zvakakosha zvakaenzana. Nekuti zvinhu zvakagadzirwa zvine mapolymer, zvine chiyero chepamusoro chekuwedzera kwekupisa kwemutsara (kazhinji kunosvika 40 x 10^-6 K^-1) kupfuura huni, zvichida gap chaiyo panguva yekuiswa kuti ikwanise kufamba. Zvisinei, chivharo chepolymeric chinopfuura zvakanyanya mukuramba kweUV. Zvivharo zvepamusoro zvakagadzirwa neUV inhibitors yepamusoro uye colorants, zvichiita kuti chinhu chacho chirambe chine Delta E (chiyero chekuchinja kwemavara) isingasviki 5 mukati menguva yemakore gumi. Kusiyana neizvi, huni dzisina kurapwa dzichakurumidza kuora, dzichichinja kuita grey mukati memwedzi 6 kusvika 12 yekupiswa nezuva.
Tafura yekufananidza padivi nepadivi
Kuti tiratidze zvakajeka musiyano wehunyanzvi nehupfumi pakati pezvinhu izvi, kuenzanisa pamwe chete kwezviyero zveindasitiri kwakakosha. Tafura inotevera inoratidza musiyano mukuru wepanyama nekushanda unotungamira sarudzo dzezviyero.
| Chiyero Chekutsanangurwa | Kufukidza kweComposite Yakaputirwa Yepamusoro | Kufukidza Huni Kwechinyakare (Cedar/Pine) |
|---|---|---|
| Mwero weKunyudzwa kweMvura | 15% - 25% (inoda kuvharwa) | |
| Kuwanda kwezvinhu | 1.2 - 1.3 g/cm³ | 0.35 - 0.50 g/cm³ |
| Kuchengetedza Ruvara (Makore gumi) | Yakakwira (Delta E | Yakaderera (Maruva matema mukati memwedzi gumi nemiviri) |
| Kuramba Kwezvinhu Zvipenyu | Haagoni kuora uye kuorera | Inobatwa zvakanyanya kana isina kurapwa |
| Kugadziriswa Kwenguva Dzekuchengetedza | Kugeza zvinyoro nyoro kwegore negore | Kuisa/kuvhara dhayi kaviri pagore kana katatu pagore |
| Hupenyu Hwebasa Rinotarisirwa | Makore 25 - 30+ | Makore 15 - 20 (zvichienderana nekuchengetedzwa kwemba) |
| Chinhu Chekuisira Marara | 3% - 5% | 10% - 15% (mapfundo ekucheka/kuputira) |
Maitiro Ekuongorora Capped Composite Cladding vs Wood ye
Pasinei nemabhenefiti anoshamisa ezvinhu zvakagadzirwa neinjiniya, sarudzo pakati pekuvhara mapuranga akavharirwa kana huni haiwanzo kuve yakakwana; inoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu. Vagadziri vezvivakwa nevagadziri vanofanirwa kuongorora matrix yezvakasiyana-siyana zvepurojekiti kuti vaone kuti ndezvipi zvinhu zvinoenderana nezvinangwa zvekuvaka.
Kubudirira kwehurongwa hwekuvaka kunoda kuongororwa kwakazara kwenzvimbo yekuvaka, mashandisirwo ainotarisirwa kuitwa panzvimbo yacho, uye mamiriro ezvinhu aripo panguva yekuvaka. Nekuongorora zvinodiwa izvi, mapoka epurojekiti anogona kuderedza njodzi uye kuona kuti chivakwa chacho chinoshanda kwenguva refu.
Mamiriro epurojekiti anotsigira chinhu chimwe nechimwe
Hunhu hweprojekiti iyi—hukuru hwayo, mashandisirwo ayo, uye kusvikika kwayo—zvinonyanya kukanganisa kusarudzwa kwezvinhu. Kune zvivakwa zvemaindasitiri marefu kana zvivakwa zvemhuri dzakawanda uko kupinda kwefacade kunoda scaffolding inodhura kana boom lifts, kugadzirisa kunodhura zvakanyanya. Muzviitiko izvi, hapana kugadziriswa kwezviumbwa zvakavharwa. Kusakwanisa kupinda nyore nyore facade kunoita kuti makore matatu kusvika mashanu ekupenda huni dzechisikigo ave dambudziko guru rezvinhu.
Kusiyana neizvi, kumapurojekiti ezvitoro zvemhando yepamusoro kana edzimba dzemhando yepamusoro uko hunhu hwezvinhu zvakasikwa hunonyanya kukonzera kuvakwa kwezvivakwa uye denga remba riri nyore kusvika kubva pasi, huni dzechisikigo dzinoramba dziri sarudzo yakanaka. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya akaderera, kugadzirisa hakudi mari yakawanda, uye muridzi anogona kunge achida kushandisa OpEx yepamusoro kuti awane runako rwakananga, runogona kupihwa nematanda echisikigo chete.
Mamiriro ekunze uye zvinhu zvinokonzeresa njodzi
Mamiriro ekunze madiki uye kusvibiswa kwenzvimbo pamwe ndizvo zvinhu zvisingakanganwiki pakushanda kwemadziro emadziro. Matanda anonyanya kukanganiswa nekukurumidzira kwehunyoro uye kusvibiswa kwehunyoro kwenguva refu. Munzvimbo umo hunyoro hwenzvimbo hunoramba huchisundira hunyoro hwe20%, njodzi yekuora kwefungus inova pedyo. Nzvimbo dzemahombekombe dzinounza chinhu chinoparadza chemunyu, icho chinokurumidza kuora kwemapuranga uye chinoparadza zvinosungirirwa zvakajairika.
Kufukidza kwakagadzirwa nejira rakaputirwa kunobudirira munzvimbo idzi dzine hukasha. Chivharo chepolymer chisingapindi mvura hachipindi mvura munyu, uye hunhu hwepamusoro hunodzivirira kukura kwefungus nefungus, kunyangwe munzvimbo dzine hunyoro hwakawanda. Uyezve, munzvimbo dzine maUV indices akanyanya, tekinoroji inodzivisa UV iri muchikamu chekudzivirira inodzivirira kuora kwemifananidzo nekukurumidza kunoparadza chimiro chemasero enzvimbo dzehuni dzechisikigo.
Kutenga, kuwanikwa, uye nguva dzekutarisira
Kutengeserana, kutenga, uye kuvimbika kwecheni yekugovera zvinowanzotungamira kusarudzwa kwezvinhu, kunyanya pamapurojekiti ebhizinesi anokurumidza. Cheni yepasi rose yekugovera matanda echisikigo—kunyanya matanda emhando yepamusoro, akajeka kana matanda emhando yepamusoro seIpe—anozivikanwa nekuchinja-chinja. Nguva yekuburitsa matanda inogona kuchinja zvakanyanya kubva pamavhiki maviri kusvika mana emidziyo yemuno kusvika pamavhiki anopfuura gumi nemaviri kusvika gumi nematanhatu emidziyo yekunze inotengeswa kunze kwenyika, uye mitengo inogona kukwira kamwe kamwe mumusika wezvinhu.
Makomputa akagadzirwa neinjiniya anopa modhi yekutenga yakagadzikana, kunyangwe achida kuronga nekungwarira maodha makuru kana akagadzirwa nevatengi. Mapurofayiri nemavara akajairika anowanzo kuwanikwa kuburikidza nemanetiweki ekuparadzira ane nguva pfupi yekutungamira. Zvisinei, kumapurojekiti makuru ebhizinesi anoda mapurofayiri chaiwo ekuvaka, kutenga zvakananga kubva kumugadziri kunodiwa. Semuenzaniso, kutsanangura chigadzirwa chakaita se WPC Co-extrusion Cladding YD216H25 zvinogona kusanganisira Minimum Order Quantity (MOQ) ye500 kusvika 1000 square metres yehurefu hwakagadziriswa kana mavara akagadzirwa, nenguva dzekugadzira nekutumira dzinotangira pamavhiki matanhatu kusvika gumi. Vatariri vemapurojekiti vanofanirwa kuenderana nenguva idzi dzekutenga nenzira yakakosha yekuvaka.
Sarudzo dzekusarudza Cladding ine Capped Composite vs Wood
Kuchinja kubva pakuongorora dzidziso kuenda pakushandisa kwechokwadi kunoda nzira yakarongeka yekuita sarudzo. Kuti tifambire mberi nekuoma kwekubatanidza zvinhu zvakavharirwa kana matanda, mapoka ekugadzira anofanira kushandisa hurongwa hwakarongeka hunoyera zvinosiyana-siyana zvichienderana nezvinotarisirwa papurojekiti.
Nekuyera zvinangwa zvekunaka, zvipingamupinyi zvezvakatipoteredza, uye miganhu yemari, vagadziri vezvivakwa nevaridzi vanogona kupfuura zvavanoda ivo pachavo uye kusarudza zvinhu zvinoenderana nedata zvinodzivirira chivako nepfungwa dzemari.
Maitiro ekuongorora nhanho nhanho
Maitiro ekuongorora anofanira kutevedzera nzira ine matanho mana akatevedzana. Danho Rokutanga: Tsanangura nguva yekuchengeta uye hurongwa hwemari. Kana pfuma iri yenguva pfupi (pasi pemakore mashanu) yakavakirwa kutengeswazve ipapo ipapo, kuchengetedza kwekutanga kweCapEx kwehuni kunogona kupihwa pekutanga. Kana nguva yekuchengeta ikadarika makore manomwe, kuchengetedza kweOpEx kwezvimisikidzo kunofanira kutanga. Danho Rechipiri: Ongorora zvirambidzo zvezvakatipoteredza uye zvekodhi. Ongorora mamiriro ekunze emunharaunda kuti uone kana UV yakanyanya, hunyoro hwakawanda, kana kuti munyu wakanyanya, uye simbisa zvinodiwa nekodhi yemoto yemunharaunda. Kana chiyero chemoto cheClass A kana B chichidikanwa, zvimisikidzo kana matanda akacheneswa zvakanyanya anofanira kuenzaniswa.
Danho Rechitatu: Ongorora kuti zvinhu zvinokwanisika here. Sarudza kana dhizaini yefacade ichibvumira kugadziriswa kuri nyore. Kana ma boom lift kana scaffolding zvichidikanwa pakugadzirisa nguva dzose, huni dzinofanira kubviswa ipapo ipapo. Danho Rechina: Tevedzera mari yese yehupenyu. Kumbira mitengo chaiyo yevashandi vemunharaunda yekuisa nekugadzirisa kwenguva refu (kusvibisa/kuwacha) uye fungidzira mitengo iyi mumakore makumi maviri, uchitarisa mwero we inflation wegore negore weinenge 3%.
Muenzaniso wemitengo yehupenyu hwese uye matrix yesarudzo
Kuti vaone kukosha kwemari yehurongwa uhwu hwesarudzo, mapoka anofanira kugadzira modhi yemitengo yehupenyu hwese. Matrix anotevera anoratidza facade yekutengeserana ine 10,000 square foot mukati memakore makumi maviri, ichienzanisa cedar yakajeka yepamusoro necomposite yepamusoro-soro. Izvi zvinotora makore mana ekugadzirisa huni ($3.50/sq ft yakagadziriswa kuti iwedzere kukwira kwemitengo) uye kushambidzwa kwegore negore kwecomposite ($0.25/sq ft).
| Chikamu Chemutengo (Modhi Yemakore 20) | Matanda Echinyakare (Cedar Yakajeka) | Chikamu Chepamusoro Chakavharwa |
|---|---|---|
| Mutengo wekutanga wezvinhu | $65,000 ($6.50/sq ft) | $105,000 ($10.50/sq ft) |
| Basa Rokutanga Rokuisa | $85,000 | $75,000 (Sisitimu yekukurumidza yekudhonza) |
| Kurapa Moto (Kana Zvichidiwa) | $25,000 ($2.50/sq ft) | $0 (Kirasi B/A Yechisikigo) |
| Zuva Rese-1 CapEx | $175,000 | $180,000 |
| Kugadzirisa Kwegore 1-20 (OpEx) | $165,000 (matanho mashanu + kukwira kwemitengo) | $65,000 (Kuwacha kwegore negore) |
| Njodzi Yokutsiva Zvinhu | $30,000 (15% kuora kwenzvimbo) | $0 (Yakavharirwa newarandi yemakore makumi maviri nemashanu) |
| Mutengo Wese Wemakore makumi maviri | $370,000 | $245,000 |
Modhi iyi inoratidza kuti kunyange hazvo mari inoshandiswa paZuva rekutanga (Day-1 capital expenditure) ingave yakaenzana (kana kuti yakakwira zvishoma kune zvinhu zvakasanganiswa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa pakugadzirisa moto), nzira dzemari dzinosiyana zvakanyanya mushure mekushandiswa. Muchiitiko ichi chakajairika, mutengo wese wekuva muridzi wezvinhu—apo system yakasanganiswa inova yakachipa pane system yehuni—inowanzoitika pakati peGore rechitanhatu neGore rechisere. Kune chero purojekiti inodarika iyi breakeven horizon, zvinhu zvakagadzirwa zvakagadzirwa zvinomiririra hunyanzvi hwepamusoro-soro hwemari uye hwakachengeteka.
Kuverenga kwakafanana:chifukidziro chakasanganiswa chakavharirwa chichienzaniswa nehuni
Zvinhu Zvinokosha Zvaunofanira Kuziva
- Mhedzisiro yakakosha uye chikonzero chekuvhara jira rakaputirwa vs huni
- Magadzirirwo, kutevedzera mitemo, uye kuongororwa kwenjodzi zvinofanirwa kuongororwa usati waita chibvumirano
- Matanho anotevera anoshanda uye mazano anogona kushandiswa nevaverengi ipapo ipapo
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa
Sei jira remapuranga rine chivharo richidhura zvishoma pane matanda nekufamba kwenguva?
Matanda anowanzoda kuvharwa, kupendwa, kana kupendwa makore ese matatu kusvika mashanu. Musanganiswa wakavharirwa unowanzo dzivirira kutenderera ikoko, zvichideredza kushanda, kurongwa kwematanda, kukanganiswa, uye njodzi yekutsiva mukati memakore makumi maviri ekuva muridzi.
Kangani kanodiwa kugadzirisa mapuranga echinyakare?
Munzvimbo dzakawanda, matanda anoda kudzoserwa pendi yekudzivirira makore ese matatu kusvika mashanu. Kana kugadziriswa kukanonoka, njodzi dzakadai sekuora, kupetwa, kukuvara kweUV, uye matambudziko ekugadzirisa matanda dzinowedzera nekukurumidza.
Ndezvipi zvinhu zvisingazivikanwe zvinowanzo shaikwa kana tichienzanisa zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nematanda?
Mapoka anowanzo kanganwa kukwira kwemitengo yevashandi mune ramangwana, michina yekuwana, kukanganiswa kwevanorenda kana bhizinesi, machira anodzokororwa, uye kutsiva nguva isati yakwana nekuda kwekutadza kwehunyoro. Izvi zvinogona kupfuura mutengo wakaderera wehuni pakutanga.
Ko chiumbwa chakavharwa chinodzivisa sei hunyoro kupfuura huni?
Chivharo chayo chakabatana chinoumba goko rinodzivirira rakasungirirwa pamusoro pepakati pechinhu chakabatanidzwa. Chidziviriro ichocho chinodzivirira kunyudzwa kwemvura, zvichibatsira kudzivirira kuzvimba, kupetana, kutsemuka, uye kudzima kwemavara zvakanyanya.
Ndiani anonyanya kubatsirwa nekusarudza cladding ine chivharo chakavharirwa?
Varidzi venguva refu, vagadziri vezvivako, uye vatariri vezvivakwa vanobatsirwa zvikuru. Kana ukaronga kugara neimba kwemakore 15-30, composite yakavharirwa inowanzopa mari yekugadzirisa inofungidzirwa uye njodzi yakaderera yekukundikana kupfuura huni.